Q. Can you help me introduce your system into my business?
Q. А Вы могли бы помочь мне применить Вашу систему в моём деле?
A.
Just go ahead. My idea is copyrighted with the Copyright Office of Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada; File #224561, Serial #314941, Register 383, March18,1982. All you owe to the author is acknowledgement as long as I live and 50 years after my death. You do not owe me payment for my idea.
A. Если
предприятие
небольшое и
без больших
погрешностей
вписывается
в
условия
перечисленные
главе 25 (Применение),
то Вы можете
пользоваться
общей
формулой из
Главы 18. Мне Вы
обязаны
только
упоминанием
в качестве
источника
как
держателю
прав на идею.
Information presented on this site is sufficient for a professional to adapt the basic A-Option formula to the structure and circumstances of your enterprise. However, you may choose to hire the author to do the adaptation for you. While I am at it, you may ask me to introduce the A-Option to your employees, as well as to follow up for a while. For that you expect to pay, but in effect it is your corporation that will get handsomely paid.
Информация,
представленная
на этом сайте достаточна
для
профессионала,
чтобы
приспособить
основную
формулу из
Главы 18 к
структуре и
обстоятельствам
Вашего
предприятия.
Однако, Вы
можете
предпочесть
нанять
автора для
этой цели.
Заодно, я
объясню всё
Вашему
персоналу и
прослежу за
последовательностью
применения.
Вы ожидаете,
что эта
услуга Вам
даром не
обойдётся. Но
увы! Кроме
командировочных,
Вы заплатите
мне только
десятую
часть
результата.
You do not pay anything up-front.
Prior to signing our contract we shall agree what is the level of expected production revenue for the coming, say, five years. We shall plot this expected revenue as a curve on a chart. At the end of your financial year you will pay me 10% of the before tax production revenue that is above the curve, and pay me nothing if it happens to fall below the expected curve. Ninety persent of the extra revenue caused by the A-Option over and above your expected production revenue you keep for your corporation for the duration of our contract. If after the first year you pay me, and at the end of the second year the corporate profit falls short of the expected curve, I refund you 10% of the shortfall down to the full amount received in the first year. And so on to the end of our contract. In other words, I guarantee the success of my A-Option to the last penny of my reward. Naturally, I expect to make a fortune.
Если после первого года Вы платите мне, и в конце второго года, Ваша прибыль падёт ниже ожидаемой кривой, я возмещаю Вам 10 % нехватки -- вплоть до полной суммы, полученнй в первом году. И так далее -- до конца нашего контракта. Другими словами, я гарантирую успех моего подхода до последней копейки моей оплаты. Естественно, я ожидаю сделать состояние.
You may prefer a simpler method of payment that I consider the second best, because it
involves the vagaries of the stock market.
You shall reserve for me a number of options on your shares at strike price equal to
present market price. You shall turn these options to my possession not later than within
three years if/when the market price of your shares reaches a stipulated level that
greatly exceeds your reasonable expectation. If this level is not reached within the three
years, my options expire worthless.
We shall also agree whether you cover my travel expenses and my fee to the professional who shall work out the software program that relates my A-option formula to the specifics of your enterprise.
Q. Human nature being what it is, people are not perfect, you know But if you already want to come up with great efficiency, why wouldn't you find a way to force everyone related to production into getting interested? After all, the owner, the shareholder pays for it. It is the producers' duty to take an interest in efficiency.
Q. Учитывая Природу Человека, ... человек не совершенен, знаете ... так уж если Вы в самом деле хотите поднять еффективность производства, почему бы Вы не искали путь как заставить каждого работника стать заинтересованным? В конце концов, ведь владелец, акционер, платит за это. Для работника быть заинтересованным еффективности -- это же просто долг!
A.
Before you try to induce an interest in anyone about anything, you have to find out where his present interest lies. If you go along with his interest, you save the effort of inducing. Here are the four parties to the workplace.There are four parties to the workplace: shareholders, management, workers, and unions.
Each party is driven by its own major and secondary interests. These interests partly overlap.
A. Прежде,
чем
стимулировать
чей-либо
интерес в чем-либо,
надо
выяснить, в
чём его
существующий
интерес. Если
Вы следуете
его
интересам,
стимулировать
не надо.
Вот
четыре стороны,
заинтересованные
в
производственном
процессе:
акционеры,
управление,
рабочие, и профсоюзы.
The shareholder's major interest lies in raising share value and in enlarging dividends. Therefore, the shareholder's major desire is for gaining maximum profit on minimal investment. At present, the shareholder is the only party directly interested in maximization of revenue-to-investment ratio.
Главный интерес акционера находится в подъеме рыночной цены доли и в увеличении дивидендов. Поэтому акционер главным образом заинтересован в получении максимальной прибыли от минимальной инвестиции. В настоящее время, акционер -- единственная сторона, непосредственно заинтересованная в максимизацией отношения дохода к сумме инвестиции.
The manager's
major interest lies in personal job security and in promotion. Therefore, the manager's major desire is for creating an impression of personal efficiency and solid contribution to whatever profit the company makes. When job security weakens, and/or when prospects for promotion seem likely, the manager will try harder to enforce that impression. By necessity, the effort may require an actual contribution to the revenue-to-investment ratio. That is particularly true, when corporate policies establish a correlation between personal success and the revenue-to-investment ratio.Главный интерес управляющего в сохранении рабочего места и в продвижении по службе. Поэтому, его главное желание -- создать впечатление личной эффективности и ценного вклада в процесс создания прибыли. Когда его должность в опасности, и/или когда перспективы продвижения по службе улучшаются, управляющий будет крепче стараться произвести впечатление. Это усилие может потребовать действительного вклада в повышение отношения дохода к инвестиции, особенно когда хозяин устанавливает соответствие между оплатой управляющего и отношением дохода к инвестиции.
To the extent of that correlation, the manager is interested in keeping insurance premiums low. As a result, the manager is interested in improving safety, but that only at a price below the anticipated reduction in premiums.
Это соответствие приводит к заинтересованности управляющего в снижении страховых премий. В результате, управляющий заинтересован в улучшением безопасности производства, но не далее чем это приводит к снижению страховых премий.
In a corporation that does not explicitly relate the manager's success to corporate profit, the manager is only motivated to keep corporate profit at a well accepted level, and not higher; especially when he perceives the increase of his creativeness as a risk to his job security and/or promotion.
На предприятии, где соответствия между доходом управляющего и прибылью управляющего нет, управляющий заинтересован в приемлемом уровне прибыли, и не выше; особенно, когда он опасается что его творчество несёт риск потерять работу и/или воспрепятствует продвижению по службе.
The accepted payroll calculation brings about a situation where the worker's major interest lies in his job security and in his lowest effort-to-wage ratio. However, the worker's job is not secure without a minimal level of corporate profitability. Therefore, the worker will set his effort at a level he perceives as corresponding to that minimal level, in order to perpetuate corporate survival. However, the worker will resist any further advance of corporate profitability, that he will perceive as exploitation. The more intelligent worker, the one who is able to hold a key job, makes sure this limit to corporate profitability is kept at all times.
Принятое
вычисление
платежной
ведомости
вызывает
ситуацию, где
главный
интерес рабочего
заключается
в сохранении
его рабочего
места и в
поддержании
самого
низкого
отношения
его усилий к
заработной
плате. Однако,
рабочий
сознаёт, что
без того, что
он будет
способствовать
хотя бы
минимальному
уровню
доходности,
его держать
не будут.
Поэтому,
рабочий
устанавливает
его усилие на
уровне,
обеспечивающем,
по его
понятиям,
выживание
предприятия.
Однако,
рабочий
препятствует
любому
дальнейшему
повышению
доходности,
которую он
воспринимает
как
эксплоатацию.
Более
способный
рабочий, тот,
кому
доверяют
ключевые
работы,
старается
никогда не
превышать
этого уровня
доходности.
My A-Option brings the interest of the participating worker in corporate profitability to the level of a shareholder. The shareholder cannot influence this profitability, while the worker can and will.
Мой
подход
поднимает
интерес
рабочего в
доходности
предприятия
к уровню
акционера.
Акционер не
может влиять
на эту
доходность, а
рабочий
может --
и будет.
Safety is of personal concern to the worker, without relevance to its cost.
Рабочий
лично
заинтересован
в безопасности
производства,
безотносительно
к тому во
сколько это
обходится
предпренимателю.
The union's major interest lies in preserving its survival and in promoting its growth. Not unlike an elected government, the union jealously protects its acquired territory in membership and in established privileges from management and from other unions.
Главный интерес профсоюза в его самосохранении и росте. Мало чем отличаясь от избранного правительства, профсоюз ревниво защищает его территорию -- в членстве и в достигнутых привилегиях -- от управления и от других профсоюзов.
As a means toward achieving these goals, the union tries to create an impression on the worker, that it does indeed act in worker's interest. This impression is often easiest to create by actually promoting workers' interests. The worker trusts his union more than his management's occasional advances, because his union and its individual officers depend on workers' vote and are accountable to the worker, while management depends on shareholders' will and is accountable to shareholders.
Как средство к достижению этих целей, профсоюз пытается создавать впечатление на рабочего, что интересы профсоюза и рабочего идентичны. Нередко это впечатление легче всего создавать действительмо продвигая интересы рабочих. Рабочий доверяет своему профсоюзу больше, чем случайным ухаживаниям со стороны управления, потому что профсоюз и его руководители зависят от голоса рабочих и ответственны перед рабочим, в то время как управление зависит от акционеров и ответственно перед акционером.
On that path of catering to workers' interests the union finds it easiest to promote safety. Easiest, because the corporation, as well as the worker, is interested in safety, albeit for different reasons.
Защищать интересы рабочих профсоюзу легче всего продвигая безопасность. Это потому, что предприятие, также как и рабочий, заинтересовано в безопасности, хотя и по различным причинам.
Leaving the numerator of the effort/wage ratio to the individual worker, the union tries to cater to worker's desire to raise his wage. Peculiarly, rising corporate profitability is in union's interest, because it makes the fight for higher wages easier.
Оставляя числитель отношения усилие/заработная плата в руках индивидуального рабочего, профсоюз пытается угодить рабочему добиваясь повышения его заработной платы. В этой связи, доходность предприятия в интересах профсоюза, потому что в доходном предприятии легче добиться более высокой заработной платы.
In quest for raising the worker's wage, the union is eager to use pressure, because union's militancy breeds worker's loyalty. In addition, personal militancy of a union leader attracts respect of workers to him; and that means promotion in union ranks and re-election.
Добиваясь подъема заработной платы рабочего, профсоюз проявляет воинственность к управлению, потому что воинственность профсоюза привлекает лояльность рабочего профсоюзу. Кроме того, личная воинственность профсоюзного руководителя привлекает уважение рабочих к нему лично; а это помогает продвижению этого руководителя в профсоюзных рядах.
The union shuns any attachment of worker's income to growth of corporate profit, because the union perceives that attachment as competition on part of the corporation for the worker's allegiance.
Now you understand why attempts to induce the worker's interest in corporate profit invoking his duty are futal. Why then try? (insert in original)
Профсоюз не заинтересован в связи дохода рабочего с ростом прибыли, потому что союз воспринимает эту связь как соревнование со стороны предприятия за лояльность рабочего.
Теперь Вы понимаете, почему насильно вызывать интерес работника к доходу предприятия, напоминая ему о долге, безполезно. Так зачем это делать?
Q. Your A-Option must be something like Profit Sharing, right?
Q. Ваш подход должен быть что вроде Участия в прибылях, правильно?
A.
Wrong. And here are the major differences. PS: The more profit-money goes to the employee, the less goes to the employer.AO: The more profit-money goes to the employee, the more goes to the employer.
PS: The portion of profit-money going to the employees is decided between management and employees on the basis of bargaining or benevolence.
AO: No portion of employer's profit-money goes to the employees. Employees make their own profit on their investment of labour. The employer makes his own profit on investment of his capital and his own labour.
PS: Subdues the adversarial employer/employee relationship.
AO: Eliminates the adversarial employer/employee relationship.
PS: No place for workers' union.
AO: Union involvement is up to the worker.
PS: The final destination of the employee's portion of the employer's profit-money is decided by a management/employee committee.
AO: The individual employee decides how and when to spend the money.
PS: Participation in Profit Sharing is regimented by management.
AO: Participation in the A-Option is up to the individual employee.
The A-Option is not a better way to share profits. It is a better way to make profits.
Q. Your A-Option is a kind of Socialism, isn't it?
A.
No, it is not. Here's the major difference.The supporter of Socialism says:
"Under Capitalism, employees are limited in their wealth by wages, set by their employers who buy their labour among others commodities.
Employer's wealth is not limited by private individuals. An employer invests capital in the market, and his wealth is limited only by market conditions, rather than by private individuals. He does though suffer from limitations set by Government.
Let's achieve equality, by limiting the wealth of employers through government regulation; ultimately let's make everyone a government employee. Then no one will be too rich, and justice will triumph."
The supporter of the A-Option says:
"Under today's economic order employees are limited in their wealth by wages, set by employers who buy their labour as if it were a commodity. These wages are set at the lowest level the market can bear and the union will tolerate.
Employer's wealth is not limited by private individuals. The employer invests in the market, and his wealth is limited only by market conditions. He does though suffer from limitations imposed by the Government.
The said limitation on the employee's wealth progressively reduces his incentive to create wealth for the employer.
Let's remove the limitation of employee's wealth by his wage, and allow the market forces to limit the wealth of the employee in the same way this limit is set upon the wealth of his employer. Once the wealth of the employee and his employer's wealth are limited by the same mechanism, both will join in an effort to fight this limitation and thereby increase their wealth."
In a company exercising the A-Option, the employer and his employee help each other to create more wealth. This wealth is distributed in amounts proportional to the market value of individual's total investment of money and effort, i.e. capital and labour.
The Government's revenue will grow, while limitations set by Government on the wealth of employers and employees alike will hopefully lessen, for lack of necessity.
The A-Option does not install justice by force. Justice comes naturally.
P.S. I wish someone asked "Doesn't your A-Option introduce capitalism into the workplace?" The answer is an unequivocal YES. I wonder what would Ayn Rand say to that. She laid a sturdy moral foundation under capitalism. She didn't notice that capitalism does not exist inside the capitalist enterprise. The A-Option IS introducing capitalism inside the capitalist enterprise.
Q. I wonder what kind of a worker would buy into your A-Option. They all want Profit Sharing, don't they? A. Profit Sharing appeals to a different character, not the same character to whom the A-Option appeals.
Profit Sharing (PS) appeals to a stable worker, who despite his modest abilities and limited ambitions makes a considerable effort to be at his best.
He is not preoccupied with higher efficiencies and with stronger cooperation among fellow workers. He feels that without PS the distribution of wealth created by his labour and the employers capital is too lopsided towards the employer. He feels that PS somewhat rectifies this injustice.
The A-Option appeals to the ambitious and talented worker, who envisions vast potential of production efficiencies, and suffers from acute lack to cooperation on the part of other workers in his endeavor to advance these efficiencies. On second thought he realizes that his thrust to materialize these efficiencies won't bring any benefit to neither other workers, nor to himself; and therefore he cannot expect others' cooperation and should give up his own enthusiasm. Consequently he holds back his own effort at work and often does not spare effort, when an opportunity presents itself, to reduce and even sabotage overall productivity. Underutilization of his productive potential frustrates him. He longs for the excitement of financial gamble and the challenge of friendly competition at the workplace. He is the entrepreneur who didnt have a chance to make it, and with the A-Option he gets his chance to make it. The A-Option is the opportunity for him.
He is the one who is able to make the difference between adequate efficiency and the outstanding, between the satisfactory performance and the smashing, between the passing quality and the famous, between the fair market share and the victorious, between attractive profitability and the craven.
What happens next is that this workers happiness ignites laggards to join in.